MicroBytes Newsletter
Written by and for microbiologists
Jay Hardy, the Founder and President of Hardy Diagnostics, has been writing and publishing a monthly newsletter since 2012. MicroBytes is an entertaining monthly newsletter that will pique your interest, make you laugh, and teach you things you never knew.
Jay Hardy, the Founder and President of Hardy Diagnostics, has been writing and publishing a monthly newsletter since 2012. MicroBytes is an entertaining monthly newsletter that will pique your interest, make you laugh, and teach you things you never knew.
Each MicroBytes edition includes:
- Thought Compelling Articles
- Witty Comics
- Heroes of History
- Fun “Pun Zone”
- Brain Teasers
- Free Tutorial Videos
- Featured Products
- And More!
Subscribe below so you never miss an edition of MicroBytes!

Jay Hardy, CLS, SM (NRCM)
President
View past editions of MicroBytes in our Archives:
Topics of the month:
- Can Round-Uptm cause cancer?
- Hardy celebrates 20 years of saving infants from GBS infections with Carrot Broth
- Recall of over a million air conditioners due to mold contamination
- Jennifer Doudna - Co-discoverer of CRISPR-Cas9
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Play-Doh"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Why you should not be eating raw oysters
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take a guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom from Brian Wilson
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Peanut allergies - an easy solution
- Dogs can detect Parkinson's Disease
- Hardy celebrates 20 years of saving infants from GBS infections with Carrot Broth
- Ochratoxin in your coffee? How to avoid.
- Barbara McClintock - famous cytogeneticist
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Kit and Caboodle"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take a guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom from Stephen Hawking
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- A novel food allergy vaccine in development
- Chronic Wasting Disease strikes the deer population
- Candida auris - a five fold increase in 4 years!
- Hantavirus update
- Ebola virus update
- Lillian Wald - First public health nurse
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "SPAM"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take a guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom from Carl Jung
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Link between Dogs, Microbiome, and Mental Health
- Tooth decay leads to heart disease
- Candida auris - now there's an easy way to ID
- Outbreak of infant botulism from baby formula
- Outbreak of Listeria from cheese
- Kary Mullis - The inventor of PCR
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "RIDING SHOTGUN"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take a guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom from Booker T. Washington
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Can sweeteners damage your microbiome?
- Benefits of Gotu Kola on your microbiome
- Product Spotlight - BCYE for Legionella
- Candida auris - now there's an easy way to ID
- Outbreak of Cyclospora - Update
- Outbreak of Salmonella from eggs
- Franklin Stahl - discoverer of DNA replication
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "POTLUCK"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take a guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom to ponder from Homer
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Artificial sweeteners disrupt your GI microbiome
- Beans and your colon health
- FDA revokes antibody-based drugs for Covid
- Bird Flu getting more worrisome
- Friedrich Loeffler - pioneer of microbiology
- Human Cytomegalovirus and Alzheimer's Disease
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Break a Leg"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
-
Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Rachel Carson
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Microplastics lead to pulmonary disease
- What you can do to reduce your microplastics exposure
- Blastomycosis strikes in Michigan
- Allergen recall due to misbranding
- Human CMV found in Alzheimer patient brains
- Katrina Forest - Bacteriology researcher
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Eat Crow"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Ken Burns
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Hypervirulent Streptococcus pneumoniae on the rise
- Can you identify bacteria by smell?
- Mycoplasmapneumoniae increasing in children
- Allergen recall due to misbranding
- June Almeida - first in viral electron microscopy
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Hanky Panky"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Sally Ride
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Can the H5N1 bird flu be passed to your cat...and you?
- Can you identify bacteria by smell?
- Alternate life forms - Mirror Life
- Measles outbreak sweeps the nation
- Emil Behring - "The Children's Savior"
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Hullabaloo"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from John Muir
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Listeria can be used in cancer vaccines
- Akkermansia as a probiotic for weight loss
- Hardy's new H. pylori rapid test
- Hepatitis outbreak in LA County
- Elodie Ghedin and her significant research
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Beat around the bush"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Thomas Hardy
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Forest bathing to stimulate natural killer cells
- Chewing gum containing dangerous microplastics
- Hardy's new H. pylori rapid test
- At last...A truly Rapid AST system!
- Covid surge in China?
- Jonas Salk and his polio vaccine
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Lollygag"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Garrison Keillor
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Legumes, gut microbiome, and the fight against diabetes
- How sunshine can improve your immunity
- 20 years of Carrot Broth saving babies
- At last...A truly Rapid AST system!
- Toxigenic E. coli strikes in France
- Oswald Avery proved DNA is the substance of heredity
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Hogwash"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Henry David Thoreau
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Just the sight of sick people can activate your immune cells
- Deinococcus: the most radio resistant organism known
- Beach closures spoil vacation plans
- Hardy celebrates 20 years of saving infants from GBS infections with Carrot Broth
- The Seine River closed to swimmers
- Rosalind Franklin discovers the basic structure of DNA
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Sandbagging"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Susan B. Anthony
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Cat Scratch Fever found in mentally ill patients
- Hardy celebrates 20 years of saving infants from GBS infections with Carrot Broth
- Legionella Disease strikes Harlem
- Contaminated cucumbers create illness in 21 states
- Albert Sabin develops the first oral polio vaccine
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Gerrymandering"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Walt Disney
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Can a poor gut microbiome lead to Parkinson's Disease?
- Hardy celebrates 20 years of saving infants from GBS infections with Carrot Broth
- Three types of parasitic diseases from pigs
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease hits Tennessee
- Dr Charpentier, discoverer of CRISPR
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Shenanigans"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom from Jane Goodall
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome…Is it real?
- Hardy celebrates 20 years of saving infants from GBS infections with Carrot Broth
- Chagas disease becoming endemic in the US?
- Equine Herpes Virus, cause for canceling rodeos
- Beijerinck, pioneer in soil bacteriology and virology
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Tomfoolery"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM chromogenic media list
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- What is it? Take a guess and see if you're right!
- Wisdom from Elvis Presley
- Brainteasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Are face masks effective?
- The Hepatitis C success story
- New Drug Susceptibility table
- Hardy's new GSA government contract
- New antibiotic disks for two new drugs
- New regulations for USP <797> for pharmacists
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "UNCLE SAM"
- Abigail Salyers - Trailblazer in microbiology
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Leonardo da Vinci
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Are face masks effective? Reader Comments
- Can your microbiome help reduce blood pressure?
- Drug discovery coming from your microbiome
- Case History: Clostridal Gas Gangrene
- New Drug Susceptibility table
- Hardy's new GSA government contract
- New antibiotic disks for two new drugs
- New regulations for USP <797> for pharmacists
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "HUMDINGER"
- Alice Evans - Trailblazer in microbiology
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Jerry Seinfeld
Topics of the month:
- Why the increase in canine respiratory disease?
- How does chromogenic media work?
- New drug/bug susceptibility table
- Toxins lurking in your coffee
- Hardy's new GSA government contract
- New antibiotic disks for two new drugs
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "GRINGO"
- Ferdinand Cohn - Pioneer in microbiology
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Rosa Parks
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Strep toxic shock rising in Japan
- Increase in meningococcal meningitis
- How does chromogenic media work?
- Sweat found to contain anti-Lyme substance
- Hardy's new GSA government contract
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "GUNG HO"
- Gerhard Hansen - Discoverer of leprosy organism
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Johnny Cash
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Early antibiotic use increases risk of colorectal cancer
- Resistant Pseudomonas in Cystic Fibrosis patients
- Rapid diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis
- A new vaccine against UTIs shows promise
- Hilarious Lab Week video
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "PIGGY BANK"
- Albert Calmette - Developer of the TB vaccine
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Georgia O'Keeffe
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- RSV Incidence Increasing in Adults
- Avian Flu Infects Dairy Cows...Is Milk Safe to Drink?
- Hardy's Green Efforts
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "PULLING THE WOOL OVER YOUR EYES"
- Selman Waksman - Nobel discoverer of 15 antibiotics
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Mr. Rogers
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Can copper help stop the spread of disease?
- Why do some vaccines fail? - ADE
- STI statistics from the CDC
- Hardy's Green Efforts
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: How our brains read text
- Marjory Stephenson - Pioneer of microbial metabolism
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Linus Pauling
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- RSV Incidence Increasing in Adults
- Avian Flu Infects Diary Cows...Is Milk Safe to Drink?
- Hardy's Green Efforts
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "PULLING THE WOOL OVER YOUR EYESS"
- Selman Waksman - Nobel discoverer of 15 antibiotics
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Mr. Rogers
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Why does the US spend twice as much on healthcare, yet has the worst life expectancy? Read the survey results!
- Tattoo ink found to be contaminated and dangerous
- Dengue Fever has tripled
- Hardy's Green Efforts
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: Cold Shoulder
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Denzel Washington
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Listeria leading to 7 million pound meat recall
- Can poor gut health lead to a heart attack?
- Rising incidence of STDs
- Michele Swanson: Research on Legionella
- Hardy's Green Efforts
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Honeymoon"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Vincent Van Gogh
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Can bacteria be used to treat obesity?
- What is SIBO and how is it treated
- Paul Ehrlich - pioneer of immunology
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Red letter day"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Andrew Carnegie
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- How long can Covid last on a surface?
- Why the ocular microbiome is important
- Ann Bishop - pioneer of parasitology
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever on the border
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Shenanigan"
- Who is your Sales Rep?
- Free lab tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Wisdom from Temple Grandin
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Probiotics Effect on Mental Health
- The Father of Immunology – Metchnikoff
- The Alarming Rise in RSV and FLU Cases
- Low Life Expectancy in the US
- C. diff stimulated by acid Inhibitors (PPIs)
- HardyCHROM SS for Easier Pathogen Detection
- Hurricane Ian and Vibrio Infections
- Phraseology: “Rochambeau”
- Wisdom from Nikola Tesla
Topics of the month:
- An “urgent warning” about Candida auris from the CDC
- Cooling towers and the spread of Legionella
- Resistant CRE bacteria from cats and dogs
- Kitasato; Discoverer of the black plague organism and tetanus antiserum
- Discovery of the largest bacteria ever; Thiomargarita magnifica
- Phraseology: “Lollygag”
- Wisdom from Alexander Graham Bell
Topics of the month:
- Good fats and bad fats for Alzheimer's
- Why do NP Swabs hurt so much?
- Group B Strep - Easy detection methods
- Lister: Discoverer of a famous disinfectant
- Artwork from the Bio-Kid Heroes
- Phraseology: "Turn a Blind Eye"
- Wisdom from Steven Spielberg
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- The new Covid variant on the rise
- Is mask wearing dangerous to your health
- Hydrogen peroxide to control C diff
- Outbreak of carbapenem resistance
- Cases of Leprosy in Florida
- Salmonella in small turtles
- Winogradsky: The Father of Microbial Ecology
- Hardy's new GSA contract
- Phraseology: "Get Your Goat"
- Wisdom from Jesse Owens
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- MRSA on the rise after the Pandemic
- Improving your gut health with fermented foods
- Hardy's new GSA contract
- HardyCHROM for Candida auris
- CARBA 5 lateral flow for AST of superbugs
- Covid spike protein found in brains
- The discoverer of Mycoplasma
- How to avoid contaminated lettuce
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "Hullaballoo"
- Wisdom from Jesse Owens
- Brain Teasers: Your cranial stimulant
Topics of the month:
- Cyclospora - Increase in US cases
- Syphilis - Increase in US and Canada cases
- Hardy's new GSA contract
- HardyCHROM for Candida auris and many others
- C diff not transmitted by patients
- New antibiotic disks for two new drugs
- New regulations for USP <797>
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "TASER"
- Ruth Elle Moore - Trailblazer in microbiology
- Free tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Andrea Bocelli
Topics of the month:
- Mouthwash - Studies show an increase in blood pressure
- Stevia - Found to have a negative effect on health
- Hardy's new GSA contract
- HardyCHROM for Candida auris and many others
- New antibiotic disks for two new drugs
- New regulations for USP <797>
- Upcoming trade shows and conferences
- Phraseology: "SALARY"
- Ruth Elle Moore - Trailblazer in microbiology
- Free tutorial videos on YouTube from Hardy
- Compact Dry - For rapid plate counts
- Wisdom from Aretha Franklin
Topics of the month:
- Home-based treatment of Covid
- Hardy has order tracking!
- Sushi and sashimi – Is it safe to eat?
- HardyCHROM™ plates – a full line!
- Phraseology – the origin of “Boycott”
- Covid and gut microbiome – how it changes
- Rapid Antigen test for Covid – now available!
- HardyCHROM™ Group A Strep – detection of Strep throat
- A new plate for Candida auris
- Quotes from Edwin Hubble
Topics of the month:
- What are the new Covid variants? – Will they be better or worse?
- Salmonella Infantis – a dangerous and drug resistant threat to our food supply
- New antifungals are desperately needed, now that auris is emerging
- HardyCHROM plates for easy identification
- DuraRack for long lasting Petri Plate storage and transfer
- HardyCHROM Campy – for food detection of Campylobacter
- Phraseology: “Red Tape”
- Quotes from Mr. Rogers
Topics of the month:
- Akkermansia – Can it improve your health and keep you lean?
- Antibiotic Stewardship comedy from Dr. Glaucomflecken
- What is Hardy Diagnostics all about?
- HardyCHROM Plates
- Kiyoshi Shiga – an unsung hero of microbiology
- Phraseology: TIP
- Tutorial Videos to train lab personnel
- Is the Bird Flu only for the birds?
- Announcing the release of the BioCode MDx-3000 – Rapid ID of all common pathogens!
Topics of the month:
- What is causing the baby formula shortage?
- Antibiotic stewardship
- Maurice Hilleman – The father of the modern vaccine
- Phraseology – “The Whole 9 Yards”
- Tutorial videos – for microbiology training
- Lyme Disease – Why is it so difficult to detect and treat?
- Quotes from Abigail Adams
Topics of the month:
- Human Metapneumovirus – common, yet underdiagnosed
- Alexander Fleming – the greatest discovery ever made in the control of disease
- Phraseology: High Tail
- Tutorial Videos – for lab personnel proficiency
- The rising resistance of groups A and B strep
- Sexual reproduction of Candida auris
- Early treatment methods for Covid-19
- Quotes from Brian Tracy
Topics of the month:
- A New Covid-19 Vaccine – a new and better way?
- Esther Zimmer Lederberg – trailblazer in bacterial genetics
- Phraseology: High Tail
- Tutorial Videos – for lab personnel proficiency
- Another Emerging Virus – with a high morality rate
- Monkey Pox Facts
- Early treatment methods for Covid-19
- Quotes from Jack LaLanne
Topics of the month:
- Can Coffee lead to dementia and stroke?
- Who is my Sales Rep?
- HardyCHROM – a complete line of chromogenic plates
- Having supply chain issues?
- Ignaz Semmelweis – controversial hand washing
- Phraseology – “Caught red-handed!”
- Candida auris – emerging along with the Pandemic
- Hardy’s free Tutorial Videos
- Howard Florey – The man that first made penicillin
- Monkey Pox – updated facts
- Quotes from Jonas Salk
Topics of the month:
- GMO Mosquitoes to be released in California
- TB Vaccine effective against Covid (BCG)
- Jenner – Inventor of the first vaccine in 1798
- Phraseology – “Dilly Dally”
- Hardy’s Free Tutorial videos
- Snails in Florida contain the Rat Lungworm parasite
- Monkeypox update
- Where does Hardy’s blood come from?
Topics of the month:
- T Cell vs Antibody Tests – Which is best for COVID?
- The three COVID vaccines – Comparison chart
- Viral Transport Medium
- PPE for the pandemic
- UV Light Chamber to sanitize N-95 masks
- Who is pictured on the Kings playing cards?
- Can a T Cell test predict immune status?
- Quotes from John B. Goodenough
Topics of the month:
- Zinc+Ionophores to combat COVID-19
- COVID-19 Variants – How many? Will the vaccines work?
- DuraRack – Why it’s the best
- What happened to the flu season?
- The four vaccines – A comparison chart
- Quotes from George Washington Carver
- References for using Vitamin D and Zinc against COVID
Topics of the month:
- Thousand year old remedy found to be effective against MRSA
- The inventor of the microscope – Janssen
- DuraRack – The last rack you will ever need
- ASM’s Agar Art contest
- The Autof ms 1000 MALDI-TOF now available
- Will more COVID variants emerge?
- Quotes from Bob Dylan
- Protection from COVID with Vitamin D and Zinc
Topics of the month:
- Dozens infected with TB from bone grafts
- Helicobacter pylori – Friend or foe?
- DuraRack – The best Petri dish rack ever!
- Can Stevia disrupt your microbiome?
- The Autof ms 1000 MALDI-TOF – now available!
- What are the ingredients in your COVID vaccine?
- How are Petri plates made? (video)
- Quotes from John Glenn
- Vitamin D, Zinc, and Ionophores for the prevention of COVID-19
Topics of the month:
- Will your vaccine work against the Delta Variant?
- Antidepressants: A promising and cheap way to treat Ebola
- Ivermectin for COVID: What are the Pros and Cons?
- Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP): What it is and how you can avoid it
- DuraRack — Built to last!
- MALDI-TOF now available from Hardy
- AnaeroGRO — the best way to grow anaerobes
- Quotes from Richard Branson
- StaphTEX — the easiest way to ID Staph aureus
Topics of the month:
- Candida auris – an increasing threat
- Is a new COVID-19 vaccine coming soon? Novavax
- DuraRack for an indestructible Petri plate carrier
- How does a day at the beach affect your skin microbiome
- The Automf ms 100 – MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer fir bacterial ID
- Phraseology – “Parting Shot”
- Quotes from Beverly Sills
- Carba 5 for the identification of carbapenemase producing bacteria
Topics of the month:
- Can you control rheumatoid arthritis with diet and gut microbes?
- Phraseology – “Ponzi Scheme”
- DuraRack – the best Petri plate rack ever
- The tick-borne Powassan virus – deadlier than Lyme
- Rapid COVID-19 antibody test kit
- A new pill for COVID-19, soon to be released by Merck
- Quotes from Denzel Washington
- Can melatonin be repurposed against COVID-19?
Topics of the month:
- Beware of canine Campylobacter
- HardyCHROM Plates – an extensive list!
- DuraRack – the best Petri plate rack ever!
- Phraseology – Dire Straits
- Inulin – Do the many benefits outweigh the discomfort?
- Covid Antibody and Antigen test kits – Results in 15 minutes!
- HardyCHROM Group A Strep – Easy identification
- Making shoes, clothes, and packaging materials out of fungi
- The Wizard automated colony counter
- Quotes from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Topics of the month:
- Omicron Variant – What you need to know
- Aromatherapy spray contained deadly Burholderia pseudomallei from India
- HardyCHROM Plates – a complete listing
- Genetically modified mosquitoes to control malaria
- New 15 minute test for COVID-19 by Genbody
- Phraseology: “Raising Cain”
- Quotes from Alexis de Tocqueville
Topics of the month:
- Can Vitamin D be useful against COVID-19?
- Hardy introduces an accurate antibody test kit for COVID-19
- The microbiology of dog and cat bites
- Phraseology: “Kangaroo Court”
- Quotes from Georgia O’Keeffe
- Using UV light to sanitize N95 masks
- Detection of bacterial pneumonia – ImmuView
- Helicobacter infections may be protective
- The DuraRack for durable petri plate management
- Coronavirus update
- Using BCYE Agar for Legionella season
Topics of the month:
- Are masks effective?
- Is social distancing effective?
- Covid antibody test kits
- Covid supplies: masks, shields, swabs, sanitizers, wipes, gloves, viral transports
- Sanitizing your N95 masks for re-use
- Covid research around the world
- Carba 5 for detection of carbapenem resistance
- ImmuView for detecting pneumonia pathogens
- The DuraRack – the last Petri plate rack you will ever need!
- Listeria – How to crowd out dangerous pathogens
Topics of the month:
- Can bacteria be used to attack cancerous tumors?
- Using Ruthenium as an antimicrobial for resistant bacteria
- Phraseology: Gobbledygook
- Quotes from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- COVID- 19 Statistics, death rate, comorbidities, and comparison to the flu
- UV Light Chamber to sanitize N95 masks
Topics of the month:
- Can Regeneron’s Antibody Cocktail Speed Recovery of COVID-19?
- New Technology in the Fight Against Pneumonia
- Phraseology: Resting on Laurels
- Wisdom to ponder: Booker T. Washington
- COVID- 19 Personal Protective Equipment
- DuraRack – the last Petri plate rack you will ever have to buy!
Topics of the month:
- The 3 COVID-19 Vaccines – How are they different
- Can you treat loss of smell due to COVID-19?
- Phraseology: “Long in the tooth”
- Marie Curie quotes
- Scientific studies on Vitamin D and Zinc for COVID-19
- PPE for the pandemic
- UV Light Box to sanitize N95 masks
- PPE for the pandemic
- Flu A+B Rapid Test Kit
Topics of the month:
- Can the poliovirus be used to fight cancer?
- Chronic Wasting Disease is spreading in deer populations
- Pet hedgehogs implemented in Salmonella outbreak
- Quotes from John Wooden
- Phraseology: “Blue Bloods”
- New antibiotic discs now available
- MycoFast – easy ID and susceptibility of Mycoplasma
Topics of the month:
- Parkinson’s and the Gut Microbiome
- Rapid Tests: Speed Up Your Identifications
- New Antibiotics Disks Now Available from Hardy
- Carrot Broth One-Step
- GramPRO (setup video)
- Automated Slide Stainers
- "Jerry-Rig / Jerry-built"
- What is Hardy all about? (company video)
- Brainteasers
- Strep Grouping
- Subscribe to our YouTube Channel
- "Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood"
- Online Ordering Made Easy
- Did you know?
- Corporate Profile (100% Employee-Owned)
- Quick Links
- Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (easy detection/ID/enumeration)
- HardyCHROM SS NoPRO
- Trio Bas Catalog
- Testimonial from a Pharmaceutical Lab worker…
- Do you perform colony counts?
- The Size of Things…
- Optical Oddities…
- Pun Zone
- CRITERION
Topics of the month:
- Urogenital Mycoplasmas
- Rapid Tests: Speed Up Your Identifications
- New Antibiotics Disks Now Available from Hardy
- Carrot Broth One-Step
- GramPRO (setup video)
- Automated Slide Stainers
- "Bluetooth"
- What is Hardy all about? (company video)
- Brainteasers
- StaphTEX
- Subscribe to our YouTube Channel
- Online Ordering Made Easy
- Did you know?
- Corporate Profile (100% Employee-Owned)
- Quick Links
- Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (easy detection/ID/enumeration)
- HardyCHROM SS NoPRO
- Trio Bas Catalog
- Testimonial from a Pharmaceutical Lab worker…
- Do you perform colony counts?
- Which is Best? Heat or Methanol Fixation?
- Optical Oddities…
- Pun Zone
- CRITERION
Topics of the month:
- Are age-related illnesses caused by pathogens?
- Candida auris – Emerging pathogen of great concern
- Serendipity – Finding Fleming’s lab in Paris
- Omadacycline – A new antibiotic, now available
- HardyCHROM CRE – Screen for super bugs
- Quotes from Zig Ziglar
- Carrot Broth – now simplified, one step
Topics of the month:
- Incidence of foodborne illness in the USA
- How to prevent foodborne illness
- Engineered bacteria to control PKU disease
- New antibiotics now available – Omadacycline
- New ways to control highly resistant Acinetobacter
- Quotes from Coco Chanel
- Phraseology: Sideburns
- CompactDry™ for better colony counts
Topics of the month:
- Building a Better Bedrail Using Copper
- What’s in the Vaccines?
- Alcohol Sanitizers Found not to be Effective with Mucus
- Quality Control Organisms from MBL
- New Antibiotics Now Available
- The Bio-Kid Science Project Kit
- Gardnerella vaginalis Plate for Bacterial Vaginosis
- Quotes from Rudyard Kipling
Topics of the month:
- New antibiotic class discovered from soil
- Founding Fathers used vaccines to their advantage
- Auto Brewery Syndrome – generating alcohol in the gut
- Carba 5 – easy way to detect carbapenem resistance enzymes
- MycoVue – for ready-to-use slide cultures
- HardyCHROM CRE – for detection of super bugs
- Quotes from Bono
- Malaphors – What are they?
- Phraseology – The origin of OK
Topics of the month:
- Can CBD oil be used against infections?
- New technology kills bacteria on hospital surfaces
- Carba 5 for the detection of superbugs
- The incidence of Salmonella infections
- Burger chains that sell antibiotic tainted beef
- Phraseology: Tip
- Quotes from Blaise Pascal
- MycoVue for fungal slide cultures
Topics of the month:
- Finding new antibiotics in the soil
- Super-bugs discovered in caves
- Carba 5 for detection of superbug enzymes of resistance
- PathFinder Listeria – now with green glow!
- Flu season worsens – latest stats
- Which restaurants use meat with antibiotics?
- Phraseology – “Balls to the Wall”
- UTM for viral and mycoplasmas transport
- Quotes from Marie Curie
Topics of the month:
- Can certain gut bacteria promote cancer?
- Trehalose and C. difficile – a not so sweet combination
- Tooth-brushing reduces hospital acquired pneumonias
- Quotes from Albert Einstein
- Bio-Kid Kit for science projects
- The Loop Caddy – a better way!
- Rapid test methods
- Phraseology – “Pleased as punch”
Topics of the month:
- Autophagy and Yoshinori Ohsumi
- CryoSavers for microorganism freezer storage
- HardyCHROM ESBL to detect “Superbugs”
- Automated Gram stainers from QuickSlide
- C. Diff Banana Broth for the detection of Clostridium difficile
- Bagpipe lungs?
- Julia Child Spotlight
- Trio Bas Microbial Air Samplers
- HardyCHROM MRSA and ESBL
Topics of the month:
- How your gut bacteria can keep you healthy
- CRE – Strain found that is resistant to all known antibiotics
- Should you always finish a course of antibiotics?
- C diff Banana Broth – for simple environmental monitoring
- Antisera – from Denka Seiken
- Air Samplers – full featured from Orum
- Socrates quotes
Topics of the month:
- G vag – the real cause of recurring UTIs?
- Derm-Duet – for easy dermatophyte ID
- GramPRO 1 – automate your gram stains
- Gram Stain Advanced – why is it better?
- Colitag – for easy coliform detection
- The winners of the ASM Agar Art Contest
- Do bacteria behave differently in outer space?
- Alexander Hamilton quotes
- AnaeroGRO – for better anaerobe recovery
- C diff Banana Broth – detects spores
- Ciliate devouring a fellow ciliate video
Topics of the month:
- Botulism found in nachos
- New variation of Vancomycin, 1,000 time more potent
- QuickSlide GramPRO can process 80 slides at a time
- C diff Bana broth for environmental monitoring
- BlueMount for permanent mycology slides
- AnaeroGRO for better anaerobe recovery
- Trio Bas air sampling devices offer Bluetooth
- ComfortPRO lab coats provide many benefits
- Oscar Wilde quotes
Topics of the month:
- Rat lungworm disease
- Are you doing enough to control C. diff?
- Can E. coli be used to detect landmines?
- Quotes from Jeff Bezos
- HardyCHROM Vibrio for all three pathogenic Vibrio species
- AnaeroGRO for better anaerobe recovery
- Trio Bas air sampling devices offer Bluetooth
- ComfortPRO lab coats provide many benefits
- Carrot Broth for the detection Group B Streptococcus
Topics of the month:
- New weapons against Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI)
- Hardy releases a new culture media catalog
- Fun facts on leap year
- Update on the Zika virus
- The Pasteur team – a tribute to Marie Pasteur
- Quotes from Calvin Coolidge
- Rapid strep identification – StrepPRO
- Stock organism catalog
- PYR for rapid Group A Strep detection
- CompactDry™ for plate counts
- Making sense of the new IQCP regulations
Topics of the month:
- Interference from Proteus eliminated!
- Can we use bacteria to create new habitats in the sand?
- New Culture Media Catalog
- Darryl Zanuck American film producer
- CompactDry™…Do you do plate counts?
- The Antibiotic Apocalypse Explained…
- Environmental Monitoring…Contact Plates
- Bob Hope 1903 ~ 2003
- Do you do Growth Promotion Studies?
Topics of the month:
- Elizabeth King and her discovery of her namesake bacteria – Outbreak in Wisconsin
- HardyCHROM SS reduces time with stool cultures
- AneroGRO for better recovery of anaerobes
- Identification of Streps with StrepPRO
- Better gram staining with GramPRO 1
- Investigation of Foodborne Illness – Listeria outbreak at Dole
- CRITERION – for the best in dehydrated culture media
- Contact plates for the pharma industry
- George Gershwin quotes
Topics of the month:
- How to Make Better Gram Stains
- Bacteriophage Therapy – Another Approach
- Colistin Resistance in E. coli – Another Superbug
- AnaeroGRO – for Better Growth
- CarboFerm – for GC Identification
- Automated Stainers
- HardyCHROM SS – No Interference from Proteus!
- EnviroTrans for Surface Monitoring
- C.S. Lewis Quotes
Topics of the month:
- Alzheimer’s caused by infectious disease?
- Pocket sized microscopes – the next big thing
- Dirty Driers – hand air dryers spread contamination
- CompactDry™ for total counts
- Control organisms for QC
- TransPRO for better transport and recovery
- AnaeroGRO for better growth of anaerobes
- HardyCHROM SS – no interference from Proteus!
- SpeedStreaks for quick inoculation
- Phraseology – “Shot of Whiskey”
- GramPRO 80 for fast slide processing
- New culture media catalog available
- Quotes from Muhammad Ali
Topics of the month:
- Gram Stains… Consistent and Fast
- The Patient Safety Atlas
- New Culture Media Catalog
- Interference from Proteus eliminated!…
- Footwear Sanitizer SmartStep
- Detect a variety of food pathogens in less than 10 hours?
- “Knock on Wood”
- Could you be missing important anaerobes?
- Virchow: A Virtual Genius
- Peter Drucker Quotes
Topics of the month:
- The microbiome of breast tissue
- Triclosan in hand soap banned by FDA
- Mercury in vaccines – still used?
- Crystal Dx Xpress – for food pathogen detection
- AnaeroGRO – best way to culture anaerobes
- MicroBioLogics – QC organisms
- HardyCHROM SS – now inhibits Proteus
- GramPRO 1 – for consistent automated staining
- Contact Plates – for surface monitoring
- TransPRO – for better specimen collection
- CompactDry™ – an alternative for plate counts
- Marie Curie Quotes
Topics of the month:
- Manuka Honey – the sweetest antibiotic
- Do you heat or methanol fix your slides?
- GramPRO 1 for consistent Gram staining
- HardyCHROM SS NoPRO – that’s no Proteus!
- HardyCHROM MRSA – brightest colors!
- HardyCHROM Candida – reliable yeast ID
- Crystal Xpress for food Pathogen ID
- Quotes from ee. cummings
Topics of the month:
- C diff Banana Broth for environmental testing is launched
- Clostridium difficile – facts about the worst cause of HAIs
- HardyCHROM ESBL to detect “Superbugs”
- Automated Gram stainers from QuickSlide
- Trio Bas Air Samplers- now with 3 heads!
- Trio Bas air samplers – now with Bluetooth
- Resistant bacteria emerging from the sewer
- Control organisms from MBL
- Quotes from Steve Wozniak
Topics of the month:
- Candida auris– a new superbug?
- Denka Sieken Antisera
- HardyCHROM ESBL to detect “Superbugs”
- Automated Gram stainers from QuickSlide
- C. Diff Banana Broth for the detection of Clostridium difficile
- Nikon’s Small World Competition
- In memoriam: Paul Schreckenberger, PhD
- Trio Bas Microbial Air Samplers
- HardyCHROM MRSA and ESBL
Topics of the month:
- Winter Colds – Why we get them?
- Bourbon Virus First Time in the US
- CryoSavers™ Storage System
- ComfortPRO™ Lab Coats for Comfort and Economy
- AnaeroGRO™ Pre-reduced Plated Media
- EnviroTrans™ Environmental Monitoring
- Rosco Kits For Carbapenemase Resistance Detection
- Phraseology – “Eureka!”
- Quotes from Gilda Radner
Topics of the month:
- Keeping Pets Safe in the Summer
- Answers to IQCP Questions
- Highlights from the ASM Convention in New Orleans
- CryoSavers™ for Easy Long Term Storage
- EZ-Accu Shot™ for Growth Promotion Studies
- HardyCHROM™ SS for more Efficient Stool Culturing
- Denka-Seiken Antisera
- Quotes from Walt Whitman
Topics of the month:
- Strep grouping and Rebecca Lancefield
- LoopCaddy™ – The Ultimate in Loop Organization
- MycoSeal™ – to Prevent Moisture Loss in Plates
- How safe is shrimp?
- Nasal Probiotics to Prevent Disease
- Hackers on Your Activity Tracker
- Endoscope Monitoring
- Phraseology – “Armed to the Teeth”
- Quotes from Alexander Pope
Topics of the month:
- IQCP coming in January 2016 – ready or not
- Uncool Cucumbers – Salmonella outbreak
- Oyster beds shut down due to Vibrio
- Phraseology: Bucks
- Ready Rack for clean room tubes
- HardyCHROM™ Vibrio
- Poultry Microbiology catalog
- Rapid Test kits and Reagents
- Petri Porter rack
- HardyCHROM™ SS
- Quotes from Jonas Salk
Topics of the month:
- Your microbiome fingerprint – Could it incriminate you?
- Meet HUrBi – the chromogenic urine biplate
- Monogen by Biokit – for mononucleosis
- Group A Strep QuickVue – by Quidel
- Phraseology – “Mayday Mayday”
- How did George Washington die?
- Food Microbiology mini catalog
- Quotes from William Wilburforce
Topics of the month:
- How do bacteria communicate? Quorum sensing and biofilms
- Two new antibiotic disks to be available: Avycaz and Zerbaxa
- New biplate for Staph aureus and MRSA now available
- That Peksy Pestis: new DNA research reveals the nature of the Black Plague
- Quidel Rapid Strep Kit
- Phraseology: The origin of “Sandwich”
- ComfortPRO Lab Coats
- Revolving Petri plate racks
Topics of the month:
- Brainteasers
- Nitrocef
- Matchbook
- Spend a day with Dr. Schreckenberger in beautiful Palm Springs
- Think about it…
- Did you know?
- Retail Microbiology?
- American Gut
- uBiome
- Optical Oddities…
- What Kind of Doorknob is Safest to Touch?
- CRITERION Online Catalog
- Should the Federal Minimum Wage be Raised?
Topics of the month:
- Brainteasers
- The Miracle Glove
- Think about it…
- Did you know?
- Can you acquire a CRE infection from an endoscopic procedure?
- Optical Oddities…
- Can Bacteria Tell Time?
- CRITERION Dehydrated Culture Media Catalog
- Should the Federal Minimum Wage be Raised?
- What your fellow readers thought
Topics of the month:
- TransPRO: A better swab for better specimen absorption and release
- Brainteasers
- HardyCHROM MRSA
- "America"
- Think about it…
- Did you know?
- Black Plague Kills Lab Researcher
- How can this be?
- Optical Oddities…
- Beijing's Bacterial Soup
- HardyCHROM SS
- See a listing of all chromogenic products
- Was the ban on incandescent bulbs a good thing?
- What do you say?
Topics of the month:
- Download Our Mini Catalogs
- Brainteasers
- HardyCHROM MRSA
- "Hissy Fit"
- Triclosan Promotes Nasal Colonization of Staph aureus
- Think about it…
- Hardy's Healthy Happy Sheep
- Did you know?
- Fungi makes beautiful music
- Optical Oddities…
- Dog Dust Dampens Disease in Kids
- HardyCHROM SS
- See a listing of all chromogenic products
- Was the ban on incandescent bulbs a good thing?
- The survey results were very lopsided!
Topics of the month:
- TOTAL-FIX
- Brainteasers
- Bacteria Found in Placentas
- Grotesque, Amazing, Macabre…
- Think about it…
- Easy Environmental Test for Listeria
- Easy Environmental Test for Salmonella
- Food Microbiology Catalog (view + request paper copy)
- Download Our Mini Catalogs
- Did you know?
- Question: What danger do these two activities have in common?
- Optical Oddities…
- HardyCHROM SS
- See a listing of all chromogenic products
- Should all new patients be screened for MRSA?
- What do you think?
Topics of the month:
- Schreckenberger Seminar
- Brainteasers
- "Angel's Glow" Saves Civil War Soldiers
- "Let the cat out of the bag"
- HardyDisks
- Think about it…
- Download Our Mini Catalogs
- Did you know?
- Microbiologically speaking… What are the hazards of summertime?
- Optical Oddities…
- Mouth Bacteria Trigger Oral Cancer
- HardyCHROM SS
- See a listing of all chromogenic products
- Should all new patients be screened for MRSA?
Topics of the month:
- Compact Dry
- Brainteasers
- Download Our Mini Catalogs
- "A Flash in the Pan"
- Rapid Test Kits
- Vaccine Ingredients
- Control Organisms
- Think about it…
- Did you know?
- Can Bacteria be Used to Fight Cancer?
- Optical Oddities…
- PYR Test for Rapid ID of Group A Strep
- Cyclospora Found in Cilantro
Topics of the month:
- Products for the flu
- Brainteasers
- Ready for your cranial stress test?
- Download Our Mini Catalogs
- "It Doesn't Pan Out"
- Rapid Test Kits
- HardyCHROM Candida
- Rapid Trehalose
- URISTAR
- Think about it…
- "In reality, I never want to grow up."
- Did you know?
- The Uninvited Holiday Guest
- Mayo Clinic chart
- Optical Oddities…
- SpeedStreaks
- Re: Fame
- Who Said It?
Topics of the month:
- Download Our Mini Catalogs
- Brainteasers
- Expose your mind to a high intensity workout!
- "Play it again, Sam"
- Rapid Test Kits
- CRITERION
- StrepQuick
- Think about it…
- Did you know?
- Endotoxin Detection
- Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL)
- The Pyrosate Test Kit
- Optical Oddities…
- SpeedStreaks
- "What good fortune for governments that the people do not think."
- Deck the halls with boughs of fungi…
Topics of the month:
- Fungal Meningitis - What Went Wrong?
- How to Identify Candida glabrata
- New Product - Parasite Suspensions
- HardyDisks AST™ - Now with Last Disk Recognition
- Leprosy bBacterium Creates Stem Cells
- Bacteriophage - Making a Comeback?
- Ceftaroline (Teflaro) - New Disk Available
- Phraseology – Golf
- Survey: Should the post office have discontinued Saturday delivery?
- Quotes from Abraham Lincoln
Topics of the month:
- Obesity and Intestinal Microbiota
- Overuse of Antibiotics for Respiratory Infections
- TOTAL-FIX® Universal Fecal Transports
- TB MODS Kit™ for TB Detection and Susceptibility
- Tom Swifties
- Hardy Goes Green
- Sheep Blood Contamination
- Survey on Social Media
- Quotes from Frank Lloyd Wright
Topics of the month:
- The Microbiology of Kombucha Tea
- Google Honors Julius Petri
- Ceftaroline – New Drug for MRSA
- HardyCHROM™ SS for Greater Speed in Stool Cultures
- Robots Zap C.difficile
- APIC Releases New Guide for C. difficile
- How Meat Tenderizing Introduces E. coli O157
- Survey: Should office workers have unlimited access to the internet?
- Quotes from Jackie Robinson
Topics of the month:
- Fecal Microbiome Transplantation for C. difficile Infection
- Microorganism Catalog
- HUrBi™ – for Identification of Urninary Pathogens
- HardyCHROM™ SS – Faster Way to Detect Stool Pathogens
- Bacteria Extremophiles – Some Like It Hot, Some Like It Cold
- Survey: Should the government fund antibiotic research?
- Quotes from Robin Williams
Topics of the month:
- Cyclospora Summer Outbreak in US
- Cyclospora - Identification Methods
- Frog Skin - A source of new antibiotics?
- Dilu-loks™ - Pre-filled Dilution Bottles
- Colitag™ - Coliform Detection in 16 hours
- Phraseology - “Pushing the envelope”
- Survey: Should marijuana be legalized?
- Quotes from Walter Cronkite
Topics of the month:
- The Black Plague - Analyzing Two 1700s Paintings
- Mass Burials from the Plague Uncovered in London
- Tap Tight™ Contact Plates
- How to Order Online
- Denka Seiken Antisera
- Manufacturing Makes a Comeback in the U.S.
- Advanced Gram Stains
- Phraseology - “Knucle Under”
- Survey: Government Control of Sodas
- Quotes from Johnny Carson
Topics of the month:
- Prions – The Deadly Brain Wasting Proteins
- Petri-Seal™, MycoSeal™, and HardyFlasks™ for Better Safety
- Petri Plate Art by Ben-Jacob
- HardyCHROM™ Candida – Now in Powder Form
- MRSA – The Best Way to Control it in ICU
- Hardy Goes into Orbit on the ISS
- Phraseology - “Gung Ho”
- Survey: Is fracking worth the risk?
- Quotes from Edmund Burke
Topics of the month:
- Vibrios – Danger Lurking in Ocean Water and Raw Seafood
- Nature’s Chamber of Horrors
- Hardy’s Prepared Control Slides
- PYR Test Kit and PYR Reagent
- New Media for Prostate Biopsies
- The Mystery of the Ageless 14 Year Old Burger
- Survey: Are drones an acceptable way to fight the war on terrorism?
- Quotes from Dr. Seuss
Topics of the month:
- Update on Clostridium difficile
- Sting Operation Exposes Sleazy Journals
- Probiotics from Japanese Pickles Inhibit the Flu
- HardyCHROM™ MRSA
- TransPRO™ Specimen Collection and Transport
- TB MODS Kit™ for Identifying MDR TB
- Microbial Art
- Survey on “Right to Work” Laws
- Quotes from Albert Schweitzer
Topics of the month:
- Petri Plate Art
- SystemSURE Plus™ for HACCP Monitoring
- Schreckenberger Seminar
- SIRTURO™, the New TB Drug
- Black Silicon and Dragon Fly Wings Impale Bacteria
- Mystery of the Blood Falls Glacier
- EnteroPluri and Microgen for Gram Negative ID
- PYR for Rapid ID of Group A Strep and Enterococcus
- Quotes from Nelson Mandela





























































