Cat. no.
MS1000
PACK SIZE:
Each
Autof ms1000
A Revolution in Microbiology
Identification of microorganisms to the species level is the principle objective in Microbiology. For many years, such a feat has been accomplished through laborious biochemical assays. While advancements in nucleic acid sequencing technologies have enabled highly specific detection rates of microorganisms, these technologies are too time-consuming and costly to be commonplace.
Hardy Diagnostics is proud to introduce
The Autof ms1000*
The Autof ms1000 provides automated, high-speed and high-confidence identification and taxonomical laser-induced classification of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and filamentous fungi based on proteomic fingerprinting. Numerous studies have demonstrated the higher accuracy, faster time-to-result, and lower cost provided by MALDI-TOF technology when compared to classical methods3,4,5
Features:
*Autof ms1000 is manufactured
by Autobio Diagnostics Co. LTD. for Hardy Diagnostics
*For Research Use Only. Not for use in clinical diagnostic procedures
Overview
References
1. Olshina, M. A., & Sharon, M. (2016). Mass Spectrometry: A Technique of Many Faces. Quarterly reviews of biophysics, 49, e18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583516000160
2. Singhal, N., Kumar, M., Kanaujia, P. K., & Virdi, J. S. (2015). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, 791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791
Principle of MALDI-TOF
Mass Spectrometry is an analytical technique that ionizes—facilitates phase transition from solution to gas—molecules to assume transient electrical charges. The molecule’s mass (m) to charge (z) ratio (m/z) is measured, and a molecular weight can be ascertained1,2. Mass Spectrometry was limited in application to chemical compounds, but the advent of MALDI-TOF technology has increased the breadth of suitability to render the analysis of macromolecules, such as proteins, a possible feat2. MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) technology is a method of “soft ionization,” which minimizes the degree of molecular fragmentation and preserves sample integrity. Applications in proteomics research have paved the way for MALDI-TOF’s zenith: Microbial Identification.
Microbial samples are prepared by mixing with a solution of matrix (α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid [CHCA]), an organic compound capable of absorbing ultraviolet light (N2 laser light, λ = 337 nm) and converting the UV light to heat energy, and introduced into a high vacuum environment. When the matrix and sample are added together and allowed to dry, the mixture crystallizes, entrapping the sample in the same lamellar crystal. Laser irradiation of the mixture causes rapid heating of the matrix, which transitions into a gaseous state along with the microbial proteins. Gaseous-state peptides are converted to ions, electrically charged particles, through proton transfer with the matrix2. The protonated ions are accelerated through an electrical field and separated by a voltage potential (V0) difference on the basis of each ion’s mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. The acceleration of ions through the flight tube takes place in a high-vacuum environment to ensure the ions obtain free flight to the mass analyzer (detector). The ions can then be detected by the MALDI-TOF ms to determine their respective molecular weights (Da).
The Autof ms1000 has the most expansive database in the industry.
Created with more than 15,000 strains, each with more than 5 reference spectra, averaging more than 10 strains per species,
the database of the Autof ms 1000 provides highly accurate results.
Local database includes a total of 1,003 Genus, 4,943 Species, and 15,993 Strains.
Gram +
Gram -
Yeast
Filamentous Fungi
Mycobacteria
| Genus | Species | Strains | |
| Total | 1,003 | 4,943 | 15,993 |
As part of the partnership, Hardy Diagnostics and Autobio Diagnostics Co. LTD. is constantly augmenting the Autof ms 1000 database. New strains and species are constantly being added, improving upon the reliability and accuracy of the system.
The Autof ms 1000 database contains a multitude of reference strains from:
Varying geographic regions of the world
Different specimens
Different culture media types
Different growth conditions
Criteria that captures the natural phylogenetic diversity within a species
The Autof ms1000 workflow requires minimal hands-on time
Single Workflow
The Autof ms1000 workflow has been designed to be efficient, easy, and applicable for any isolate, whether it be bacteria, yeasts, or molds. The minimal hands-on time required to prepare each isolate allows preparation, acquisition, and data analysis of a total 96-cell sample target plate in under 20 minutes.
No prior experience with mass spectrometry required!
Intuitive Software
Easy-to-use software provides a friendly user experience. The Autof Acquirer has been designed to comply with the rigors and standards of a regulated working environment.
The Autof Acquirer automates the entire process from spectral acquisition to report generation. Reports include a summary of sample locations, names, descriptions, and confidence scores.
The results are presented in an easy-to-read, color-coded scheme that make for simple interpretations.
| Range | Description | Color |
| 9.500 - 10.000 | Reliable species | Green |
| 9.000 - 9.499 | Reliable species identification result | Green |
| 6.000 - 8.999 | Reliable genus identification result | Yellow |
| 0.000 - 5.999 | No reliable identification result | Red |
Autof ms 1000 results can be exported in a format that a LIMS can easily read.
Data can be downloaded as an EXCEL, TXT, or other file format for further analysis.
Laboratories that need to create their own local database can do so in a companion software application.
Dimensions
Height: 1250mm
Depth: 705mm
Width: 450mm
Weight: 101kg
Laser
337 nm Nitrogen laser, fixed focus, 400 million shots (10-year average life expectancy)
Pulse width: 2.5 ns
Frequency: 1-60 Hz, adjustable
Mass Analyzer
Linear Flight Tube: 1050 mm
Performance Data
| Mass Range | 1 ~ 500 kDa |
| Resolution | >3600 FWHM (Angiotensin) |
| Sensitivity | 50 fmol/uL (Insulin S/N ≥ 60) |
| Mass Accuracy | <60 ppm (With internal calibration) |
| Mass Stability | < 300 ppm |
| Mass Repeatability | CV < 0.015% |
| Throughput | 96 Tests per Target Slide with up to 1,000 tests per day |
Sample Target Slide
96 cell stainless steel target slide with reusable magnetic holder
Sample In/Out
Fully automated sample introduction mechanism
Target Slide Platform is an X-Y stage controlled by a stepper linear actuator
Stepper linear actuator produces 5 μm with each step (10 μm repeatability) for precise target slide positioning
Ion Source
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
Cleaning-free ion source
Delayed-extraction technology: 0 ~ 1000 ns
Variable ion source voltage: 0 ~ +20 kV
Detector
Typical multiplier gain 106 at 2800kV
Pulse width for a single ion event (FWHM): <2.35 ns
Peak current output for linear operations: 10 mA
Vacuum
Mechanical Pump and Turbomolecular Pump establish up to a 10-7 mbar vacuum
Mass resolution
1) Single protein
Angiotensinogen: m/z= 1760.01 (M+H)+, mass resolution ≥3600
Cytochrome C: m/z= 12362.96 (M+H)+, mass resolution ≥800
2) Mixed protein
Insulin: m/z= 5808.57 (M+H)+, mass resolution ≥400
Myoglobin M2+: m/z= 8477.14 (M+2H)2+, mass resolution ≥600
Cytochrome C: m/z= 12362.96 (M+H)+, mass resolution ≥700
Sample Viewing system
Monochromatic CCD camera provides real-time video feed of the sample
Footage feed on display in the Sample Viewing Area from the software interface
Filter
0.01 μm high precision filter – 99.99% of pathogenic microorganisms are filtered after processing
Due to the close genetic relationship between some microbial species and among some microbial complex groups, when using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, the identification results may be prone to errors1. Additional confirmatory assays are required in such situations. The Autof ms 1000 has been designed to alert end-users when additional confirmatory measures are required.
The following table is an exposition of some error-prone species/complexes when utilizing MALDI-TOF ms technology.
| Species/Complex | Limitation |
| Escherichia Coli/Shigella 2 | Mass spectrometry cannot distinguish Escherichia coli from Shigella reliably. Shigella is typically classified as Escherichia coli. |
| Burkholderia cepacia complex 3 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably identify some species in the Burkholderia cepacia complex. |
| Achromobacter complex 4 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably identify some species in the Achromobacter complex. |
| Neisseria meningitidis 5 | It is possible that the presence of the Neisseria polysaccharide can mistakenly result in the identification of Neisseria meningitides. |
| Salmonella 6 | Mass spectrometry can only identify Salmonella to the genus level. |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex 7 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably identify some species in the Enterobacter cloacae complex. |
| Pseudomonas mallei/Burkholderia pseudomallei 8 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably distinguish Pseuadomonas mallei from Burkholderia pseudomallei. |
| Streptococcus mitis/Streptococcus oralis 9 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably distinguish Streptococcus mitis from Streptococcus oralis. |
| Acinetobacter baumannii complex 10 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably identify some species in the Acinetobacter baumannii complex. |
| Aeromonas 11 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably identify some species in the Aeromonas genus such as Aeromonas caviae /Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii /Aeromonas sobria, etc. |
| Listeria monocytogenes/Listeria innocuous 12 | Mass spectrometry cannot reliably distinguish Listeria monocytogenes from Listeria innocua. |
The process for viral detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is more complicated than that of bacteria and fungi13. There are two main methods: (1) Protein detection, which is to identify the characteristic proteins of the virions in the mass spectra directly from a cell culture (currently no such database exists for Autof ms 1000; users must build by themselves); (2) Nucleic acid molecule detection: this method is mainly based on the combination of multiplex PCR and mass spectrometry. The principle is to first enrich the viral nucleic acid material by PCR, then add specific primers for the virus to be detected, and realize single-base extension through sequence-specific primers to obtain product fragments, which can be detected on mass spectrometry after desalting. The method can be used for the detection of respiratory viruses, influenza viruses, enteroviruses, human papilloma viruses, etc., and has the advantages of high throughput, low cost, and high sensitivity14.
Note: Please calibrate the Autof ms 1000 before performing quality control. Quality control should be carried out once a week. The results of the quality control report should be printed and archived.
| Classification | Strain Name/Material | Strain number | Theoretical result |
| Calibration | Calibration Reagent (Cat. No. MSA02) | - | Escherichia coli |
| Positive Quality Control | Escherichia coli | ATCC 25922 | Escherichia coli |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ATCC 27853 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | ATCC 25923 | Staphylococcus aureus | |
| Candida albicans | ATCC 10231 | Candida albicans | |
| Negative Quality Control | Lysate 1 (Cat. No. MSA01) and CHCA Matrix (Cat. No. MSA03) | - | Negative control pass |
| Microbial Detection Method | Advantage | Disadvantage |
| MALDI-TOF ms |
|
|
| Conventional; Culture media and biochemical Assays |
|
|
| DNA sequencing |
|
|
| Molecular Based |
|
|
References
1. Rychert, J. (2019, July 02). Benefits and limitations of MALDI-TOF mass Spectrometry for the identification of microorganisms. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://www.infectiologyjournal.com/articles/benefits-and-limitations-of-malditof-mass-spectrometry-for-the-identification-of-microorganisms.html
2. Paauw, A., Jonker, D., Roeselers, G., Heng, J. M., Mars-Groenendijk, R. H., Trip, H., Molhoek, E. M., Jansen, H. J., van der Plas, J., de Jong, A. L., Majchrzykiewicz-Koehorst, J. A., & Speksnijder, A. G. (2015). Rapid and reliable discrimination between Shigella species and Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM, 305(4-5), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.04.001
3. Wong, K., Dhaliwal, S., Bilawka, J., Srigley, J. A., Champagne, S., Romney, M. G., Tilley, P., Sadarangani, M., Zlosnik, J., & Chilvers, M. A. (2020). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS for the accurate identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex and Burkholderia gladioli in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Journal of medical microbiology, 69(8), 1105–1113. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001223
4. Garrigos, T., Neuwirth, C., Chapuis, A., Bador, J., Amoureux, L., & Collaborators (2021). Development of a database for the rapid and accurate routine identification of Achromobacter species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 27(1), 126.e1–126.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.031
5. Hong, E., Bakhalek, Y., & Taha, M. K. (2019). Identification of Neisseria meningitidis by MALDI-TOF MS may not be reliable. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 25(6), 717–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.015
6. Shell, W. S., Sayed, M. L., Allah, F., Gamal, F., Khedr, A. A., Samy, A. A., & Ali, A. (2017). Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a reliable proteomic method for characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates. Veterinary world, 10(9), 1083–1093. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.1083-1093
7. Pavlovic, M., Konrad, R., Iwobi, A. N., Sing, A., Busch, U., & Huber, I. (2012). A dual approach employing MALDI-TOF MS and real-time PCR for fast species identification within the Enterobacter cloacae complex. FEMS microbiology letters, 328(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02479.x
8. Karger, A., Stock, R., Ziller, M. et al. Rapid identification of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomalleiby intact cell Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation mass spectrometric typing. BMC Microbiol 12, 229 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-229
9. Rychert, J. (2019, July 02). Benefits and limitations of MALDI-TOF mass Spectrometry for the identification of microorganisms. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://www.infectiologyjournal.com/articles/benefits-and-limitations-of-malditof-mass-spectrometry-for-the-identification-of-microorganisms.html
10. Jeong, S., Hong, J. S., Kim, J. O., Kim, K. H., Lee, W., Bae, I. K., Lee, K., & Jeong, S. H. (2016). Identification of Acinetobacter Species Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Annals of laboratory medicine, 36(4), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2016.36.4.325
11. Vávrová, A., Balážová, T., Sedláček, I., Tvrzová, L., & Šedo, O. (2015). Evaluation of the MALDI-TOF MS profiling for identification of newly described Aeromonas spp. Folia microbiologica, 60(5), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-014-0369-4
12. De Lappe, N., Lee, C., O’Connor, J., & Cormican, M. (2014). Misidentification of Listeria monocytogenes by the Vitek 2 system. Journal of clinical microbiology, 52(9), 3494–3495. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01725-14
13. Majchrzykiewicz-Koehorst, J. A., Heikens, E., Trip, H., Hulst, A. G., de Jong, A. L., Viveen, M. C., Sedee, N. J., van der Plas, J., Coenjaerts, F. E., & Paauw, A. (2015). Rapid and generic identification of influenza A and other respiratory viruses with mass spectrometry. Journal of virological methods, 213, 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.014
14. Singhal, N., Kumar, M., Kanaujia, P. K., & Virdi, J. S. (2015). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, 791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791
15. Buchan, B. W., & Ledeboer, N. A. (2014). Emerging technologies for the clinical microbiology laboratory. Clinical microbiology reviews, 27(4), 783–822. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00003-14
16. Rychert, J. (2019, July 02). Benefits and limitations of MALDI-TOF mass Spectrometry for the identification of microorganisms. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://www.infectiologyjournal.com/articles/benefits-and-limitations-of-malditof-mass-spectrometry-for-the-identification-of-microorganisms.html
17. Liu, H., Du, Z., Wang, J., & Yang, R. (2007). Universal sample preparation method for characterization of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Applied and environmental microbiology, 73(6), 1899–1907. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02391-06
18. Singhal, N., Kumar, M., Kanaujia, P. K., & Virdi, J. S. (2015). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, 791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791
For servicing inquiries such as cleaning visits and preventative maintenance visits:
maldiservice@hardydiagnostics.com
For technical support and questions about consumables:
Call (800) 266-2222 ext. 5658 or emailtechnicalservices@hardydiagnostics.com
For procurement of reagents and ancillaries:
contact your Customer Support Specialist or Sales Representative.
1. Baron EJ. Classification. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8406/
2. Deng, J., Fu, L., Wang, R., Yu, N., Ding, X., Jiang, L., Fang, Y., Jiang, C., Lin, L., Wang, Y., & Che, X. (2014). Comparison of MALDI-TOF MS, gene sequencing and the Vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens. Journal of thoracic disease, 6(5), 539–544. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.02.20
3. Florio, W., Tavanti, A., Barnini, S., Ghelardi, E., & Lupetti, A. (2018). Recent Advances and Ongoing Challenges in the Diagnosis of Microbial Infections by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Frontiers in microbiology, 9, 1097. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01097
4. Xu, S., Zhou, C., Zhang, P., Feng, C., Zhang, T., Sun, Z., Zhuang, H., Chen, H., Chang, Q., Jiang, R., Li, H., & Ni, Y. (2020). Diagnostic Performance of MALDI-TOF MS Compared to Conventional Microbiological Cultures in Patients with Suspected Endophthalmitis. Ocular immunology and inflammation, 28(3), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2019.1583346
5. Patel, T. S., Kaakeh, R., Nagel, J. L., Newton, D. W., & Stevenson, J. G. (2016). Cost Analysis of Implementing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Plus Real-Time Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention for Bloodstream Infections. Journal of clinical microbiology, 55(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01452-16
6. Xu, S., Zhou, C., Zhang, P., Feng, C., Zhang, T., Sun, Z., Zhuang, H., Chen, H., Chang, Q., Jiang, R., Li, H., & Ni, Y. (2020). Diagnostic Performance of MALDI-TOF MS Compared to Conventional Microbiological Cultures in Patients with Suspected Endophthalmitis. Ocular immunology and inflammation, 28(3), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2019.1583346
7. Florio, W., Tavanti, A., Barnini, S., Ghelardi, E., & Lupetti, A. (2018). Recent Advances and Ongoing Challenges in the Diagnosis of Microbial Infections by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Frontiers in microbiology, 9, 1097. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01097
8. Patel, T. S., Kaakeh, R., Nagel, J. L., Newton, D. W., & Stevenson, J. G. (2016). Cost Analysis of Implementing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Plus Real-Time Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention for Bloodstream Infections. Journal of clinical microbiology, 55(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01452-16
| Industry | Clinical |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Autobio Diagnostics Co. LTD. |
| Brand Name | MALDI-TOF |
| Pack Size | Each |
| MALDI-TOF Brochure |
